Having a passage within the St. XVI 107] ed la fonte patristica,” Critica letteraria cuatro , pp. 211-16): ‘Non autem Natura dedit duo lumina solis / Sed Romas dedit illa duas, quae totius orbis / Lampades existunt, Romam veteremque novamque: / Hoc inter sese tantum discrimen habentes, / Quod videt hanc Phoebus splendere, sed Hesperus illam.’
Dante laments the fact that today the latest Church’s pastoral thief has drawn to your in itself the fresh imperial sword; his visualize, even when out of inanimate some thing, helps make the resulting target have a look a horrific animate hybrid, due to the fact do the new mention of the Matthew seven:16 or eight:20: ‘by the fruit you’ll see them’ (terms spoken of the Goodness to impugn not the case teachers).
Nevertheless, in verse 121 Dante keeps Marco reference just about three old guys nevertheless live inside Lombardy that are a beneficial
Dante’s geographical source is to try to the latest northeastern market from Italy, perhaps not the regions associated with the exposure of your emperor Frederick, however, Marco’s domestic ground. For Dante, Frederick is actually the last emperor when planning on taking their part because emperor of all European countries undoubtedly (look for Conv. IV.iii.six, since the Pietrobono [comm. so you’re able to verse 117] suggests, in which he could be also known as ‘the past emperor of Romans’). You may think uncommon you to definitely Dante is to right here secure the kingship from Frederick II, viewed among the heretics from inside the heck (Inf. X.119). The problem, although not, is not Frederick’s individual really worth, but their legal rights and you can rights while the emperor. They were reasons behind assertion between Frederick as well as the Chapel during the his rule (1212-1250).
Marco’s about three vecchi, all the nevertheless live inside the 1300, give a great Lombard counterpart so you’re able to Cacciaguida’s forty Florentine household from the ‘good old days’ where area that are placed in Paradiso XVI: Currado weil Palazzo, from Brescia; Gherardo weil Camino, out-of Padua; and you will Guido da Castello, away from Reggio Emilia. Every three of them had Guelph affiliations. Dante praises the final two when you look at the Convivio as he is actually sharing true nobility (Conv. IV.xiv.12; IV.xvi.6).
Dante shows their agreement which have Marco’s studies of your own chapel/state state when you look at the contemporary Christendom inside old Hebrew words: the household away from Levi, while they have been, including the sons out-of Aaron, when you look at the good priestly mode to own Israel, was indeed declined any straight to inherit house for their priestly rights. Get a hold of Amounts -32.
Just like the multiple commentators recommend, until for example date due to the fact some clearer research to possess Dante’s advice off Gaia is unearthed, it’s impossible to be sure of the brand new tone of your own reference, wholehearted or ironic
The protagonist’s ignorance of Gherardo’s virtues now offers Marco (and the poet) a chance to replay the fresh new motif of-the-moment, one to everything is not really what it was previously. The first commentators was undecided whether the mention of Gaia is intended to be to help you their compliment or blame. Jacopo della Lana (comm. to help you verse 140) and you will Benvenuto (comm. in order to vv. 139-140) say she is well known because a free woman. Yet not, Benvenuto’s worry about-stated pupil, John regarding Serravalle, who basically supporting his maestro’s feedback, only has best that you talk about the girl (plus says you to she authored vernacular poetry – [comm. so you can vv.139-141]). Most advanced commentators argue that, while the conflict at hand is the fact dating fatflirt that the old moments drill at the very least specific recognized virtue as modern was leaden in that respect, it could only seem sensible to have Gaia’s name so you can show an excellent descent regarding advantage. This is of your own condition ‘s’io nol togliessi weil sua figlia Gaia’ (until / I were to need you to definitely [a moniker] out of his daughter, Gaia) is, not, difficult. Centered on Torraca (comm. so you can vv. 139-149) their sobriquet carry out following become ‘il gaio’ (the merry) in identification of their courtly measures and style of being; there is probably no most readily useful positive understanding of verse than this 1. When we wish to insist upon this new realistically way more guaranteeing negative force of this range, a similar descriptive statement (now simply meaning ‘the father from Gaia’) could have the end result of indicating the way the virtues of dad just weren’t found in the daughter. As reasoning from the whole succession need particularly good reading, an impression on the range would seem to support Torraca’s currently unfavored discovering. The only several most other spends of the word gaio on poem try, but not, totally positive: see Paradiso XV.60 and you may XXVI.102. Because the Gaia don’t die up to 1311, create she not need to be considered a 4th a beneficial Lombard (which means never to be included)? Or, due to the fact a woman, was she prohibited introduction on the paltry a number of the virtuous?